Justin Haggard (he/him): All right, all of you can see the screen.
Okay cool.
Justin Haggard (he/him): um so first of land acknowledgement as an organization within the land grant institution dig the campus garden coalition at UCLA acknowledges the guy berlingo tanga people's as the traditional incur takers have to honor.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And Sophie is going to send a link to the chat so you can look up whose native land, you are on.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, this is just the outline for today, we are going to kind of cover a lot today, so we kind of broke it up into three sections on ation explanation.
Justin Haggard (he/him): pollinators not alligators and then we kind of lost or steam I just went into finding time for it, but you know gardening for quality verse and pollinator friendly garden practices.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay, so first pollination explanation and we're going to start this section out with the quick poll, and so you could either go to slider con and enter that number or you could just scan the qr code, with the camera on your phone.
Justin Haggard (he/him): will give just like two minutes for this.
Justin Haggard (he/him): yay okay cool it's working, this is our first time trying out this this.
Justin Haggard (he/him): system, so I was hoping it would work.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And also scared like five more seconds.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay, so that's actually nice to know that a lot of people know how it works and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then there's a few that know what it means for not necessarily how it works so we're just going to go really quick.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Through like a brief explanation of it so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): This is a diagram of a flower and during pollination, the pollen from the male answers of the fault of the flower right here are transferred to the female stigma.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And when that happens when it's fertilized, then the the overall toughens up and becomes a seed so that's this right here, and then the ovary swells and becomes the fruit and the pedals obviously protect all these organs and also attract different pollinators and stuff.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then there's two types of pollination, and these are really ugly graphics but they're kind of the most simple ones I could try so we're going to stick with them, but.
Justin Haggard (he/him): They are a little ugly so there's 12 pollination, where the pollen falls to the stigma, the same flower.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Or the flower of the same plant, but basically it's one organism pollinating itself and that's generally aided by wind and water and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): This kind of this this system kind of reduces genetic diversity, because the flowers are crossing with one another, but is a higher rate of reproduction, obviously, because the pollen doesn't have to travel as far so there's kind of like pros and cons to that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, this system is cross pollination and just kind of the more common type of pollination, where the pollen from answers of one plant is transferred to the stigma of another part.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Of the same species, and this is where pollinators come into play and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): You can see the be here, but we'll learn that there's actually a lot of different animals that they can transfer pollen from one flower to another.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And this increases genetic diversity, because the organisms are meeting with each other, basically and and sometimes the pond on cross pollination is also transferred by wins, so it doesn't always have to be pollinators is just pollinators are a lot more involved in this type of mission.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then really quick just to go over the importance of pollination 80% of flowering plants require pollinators and virtually all of the world seed plants require pollination so just if you think of any plant if it has a seed it's probably you know undergoing pollination and I.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Like that seems kind of like a given, but it always kind of blows my mind too, that this delicate system is taking place in all of those plants.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And when it comes to food about 80% of food crops require pollination by animals and we'll kind of go over a few of those different handles.
Justin Haggard (he/him): In a second here and then there's also environmental benefits, you gave me my error purified water and plans also hold soils in place.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And that's just you know that's plants in general, but without pollination, so those plants can be produced and like propagate and live on.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then there's also cultural significance when thinking of native and indigenous peoples and many people use planting cultural symbolism for traditional foods medicinal purposes and dies, and without pollination or pollinators a lot of those plants and would disappear so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): it's kind of important to think of that when we're talking about conserving pollinators to.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then here's just some pollination strategies so as we talked about, you can have plants that are pollinated without pollinators or with pollinators.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And roughly 20% of plants are pollinated without pollinators and about 98% of that pollination is by wind and then the other 2% is in water that's mainly just like aquatic plants so it's not very common that it's pollinated by water.
Justin Haggard (he/him): and wind pollination involves plan this generally like really small smooth lightweight so I can just transfer to the wind and that's why we get allergies and stuff in the spring, so it's not you know the most.
Justin Haggard (he/him): it's not really romantic for us, but it is for plants, I guess, and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Plants usually flower and undergo pollination before developing leaves and these wind pollinated plans, just to the leaves don't get in the way.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And they generally occur in large populations so that's why you'll see like whole forest that are releasing pollen all at the same time, and those kind of pulling clouds.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Or if you're on campus there's like one or two weeks, each year, where everything just gets covered in Polish and it's disgusting.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And everyone's allergies are just going crazy but that's kind of that's kind of the mass pollination.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And this this right here is a picture of cottonwood and and that's just one example of a plant that's played by wind, but a lot of grasses are also pollinated by wind, because you think of just like large populations altogether grasses.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then the other 80% here is done with the help of animals so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): we'll kind of learn about it but animals have co evolved with plants, so that they have like specific mechanisms to help pollinate them and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And the plants have evolved intricate methods for attracting these pollinators and that involves like visual cues same food mimicry and entrapment.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then pollinators have also evolved specialist structures and behaviors to assist in plant pollination, and that includes like for or you know little barbs and stuff like that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then also plants and kind of flower at different times of day in different seasons, so that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Like you, just think of if there's a lot of flowers available all at once that the same pollinator can go to and they might you know you would have a lower.
Justin Haggard (he/him): success rate and the reproduction of these plants because pollen from another species might be like transferred, and so a lot of plants have kind of developed different times that they'll bloom to kind of accommodate that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, this is a little overwhelming to look at I thought it was cool and you could go back and look at this later we post our slides to the website.
Justin Haggard (he/him): But this is just kind of like the different traits that flowers have that different pollinators visit so it's kind of cool just to look at all the differences here.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And so, like, for example, beetles will visit and flowers with like a fruity or you know gross smelling flower or maybe no smell with ample pollen and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Large bowl like structure so it's just kind of cool and I thought this is kind of cool too, because then you could find a flower and then kind of figure out what pollinator my pollinate it.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay cool and that concludes kind of our general overview of pollination section and now we're going to get into common pollinators so we have another poll This, I think, if you have the web page open it should just switch over to this question, but if not it's the same method.
Justin Haggard (he/him): and will give a few minutes for this.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And this question is just because I know a lot of us are living different places.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So we might all see different types of pollinators in our area.
Justin Haggard (he/him): cool so it looks like a lot of bees and hummingbirds with some butterflies.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Oh, I see Beatles in there that's exciting.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And not just scares me five more seconds.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay cool so bees humming birds butterflies, and those are kind of the most common ones that people think about and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Just a disclaimer we're not really going to talk too much about bees in this workshop just because Charlotte region a whole workshop on bees last quarter and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So if you weren't there for that you can definitely go look at that on our website, this one it's kind of beyond the beast so it's, like the other ones, but we will be covering moths and butterflies and hummingbirds.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And and just start out this section to I want to show this this cool piece of art this I think it's oh yeah it's titled or future flies on the wings of pollinators and it's done by Palmer oka.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And, and I just think it's it's a really cool painting, because it kind of shows the nocturnal and diurnal pollinators and including insects birds mammals, so a lot of these like I didn't even think of when I was.
Justin Haggard (he/him): You know first making this presentation and it's just kind of cool to see the diversity in different types of pollinators.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And we have this quick film.
Justin Haggard (he/him): This is it's called the hidden beauty of pollination and It just shows like a lot of different pollinators it was done by this guy louie.
Justin Haggard (he/him): You I don't know I just said, his name like i'm a friend, or something I don't know Louis but he spent a long time kind of.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Making this film and it's a lot of time lapse and then also a lot of you know photography of different pollinators and videography and I think it actually became part of a Disney film too so we'll watch this it's about four minutes long.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay yeah so that was that video I don't know it's just I think it's really beautiful and it's just to share it with you all and it's also really relaxing So hopefully it's like.
Justin Haggard (he/him): A little bit of relaxation during this hectic time and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): OK, and now i'm just going to kind of go through different pollinators and and give just kind of a little bit of information about them and, at the very anvil include.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Some links and stuff where you could go find out more information about these as well because there's only so much we can include within an hour workshop but.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Hopefully, this gives like a good overview of the different types and so, starting with the ends.
Justin Haggard (he/him): I actually didn't really consider answer first and, as I was doing research was like, of course, answer pollinators and it kind of I think this one's kind of surprising to to the people.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And yeah so ants collect the nectar from flowers and then they can carry Poland from one flower to another as a kind of collecting this nectar.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And it's important to note that not all ants help with coordination and some actually have an eye biotics and that they secrete on them to.
Justin Haggard (he/him): it's kind of used to like prevent fungal infections and so on the actual hand but this can also kill the polling grains that I transferred onto them whether they touch while they're getting nectar and yeah so some ants point eight but some actually kill color so it's kind of confusing.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And typical flower trades are kind of low growing small flowers and that stay close to the stem so in the pictures here, you can kind of see that these are.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Really small flowers that's an unfair see for scale and and then they're kind of low growth, low growing close to the ground and then all the flower traits that we're talking about today it's important to just know that, like their typical flower traits but there's always exceptions.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And one exception is this tree that and swatch they visit and they this tree has little factories and you can see.
Justin Haggard (he/him): The little arrows pointing to it right there and I thought this was really interesting and the nectarines attract ends and then the ants actually protect against other organisms trying to pierce.
Justin Haggard (he/him): pierce the outer layer of the planet to get nectar and kind of steal it so it forces other pollinators to go in the right way to the flowers to collect nectar and prevents them from hurting the plan so that's kind of a unique relationship with the plants and the answer develop.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And this side and as a reminder to not forget about them, because I definitely forgot about them.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Okay, are we talking about bad I love them so bad so usually collect nectar is from flowers, but they also eat insects.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): that's enough our and sometimes they also eat our parts sunflower parts and one day like you know dictor head into the flower their face will be covered by paulin, as you can see, on.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): The lower picture here and sometimes if they go too intense or of the flowers very deep they just become completely yellow which is really cute.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): So nectar feeding bands.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): of North America are usually found in Mexico, but it also migrate to state such as ours on Texas and new Mexico and the typical flower chait's that that's like to visit obviously open at night and large size, so they don't get like shaking or fallen off by the BATs.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): And they're usually fragments for like as well now that's like fruits and asleep, they have copious nectar and over 30 species of fruit depends on BATs for pollination those includes bananas and also mangoes and also a CAFE, as we know, for tequila and also so are those giant cactus.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then we also have beetles so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): beetles are actually one of the first insects, to have visited flowers visiting the earliest flowers and visiting the earliest filing plants about 200 million years ago so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): I think, nowadays, we always think of like bees and butterflies it's like the common pollinators but it'll have been doing this for a lot longer than either of those so it's important to kind of give them credit for that and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): They remain the important pollinators from any species of plants and, such as the magnolia, and this is one of like the first ones that they pollinated.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So yeah that's kind of cool they also they eat pedals and floral parts and also laid so it's a little different than what the other organisms are like eating the pollen.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And nectar and they they're kind of getting the different parts of the plants as well, but bringing the pollen back and forth, as they do that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And the typical flower traits are both shapes or kind of small clusters of flowers and if it's a larger file rather than ball shaped open during the day and kind of having a free.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Alright jumping into birds I don't know if anyone hears do get so excited when they see you haven't heard that is due to all the time, so there are about 2000 species globally that feed on actor and also the insect and the spiders.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): that are associated with nectar bearing flowers so.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Typical flower trades for flowers plants that attract birds are they have tubes funnels and cubs.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): And they have strong supports for purchasing and they're usually brightly colored such as red, yellow and orange they can be odorless because birds have.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): A poor sense of smell, so they don't necessarily need to be very fragrant to check the birds and they open during the day also they are prolific nectar producers with next very deeply hidden, I think the reason is easy to detect because.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): The deeper you had an actor, the deeper the birds need to get themselves into the flower some more of their body part will be covered in Poland and that's very good for the plants.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): And lastly, the poem to producers are designed to does the birds head or bag was Poland, yes, we said and enough pictures, those are hummingbirds.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): And they are endemic to North America, but similar birds that also pollinate that.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): You probably heard of our honey creepers which are endemic to Hawaii and also some birds that are endemic to Central America, if you look them up.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): They all have similar chase, which is very long beaks but there'll be can have different shapes to like some of them are curved depends on what kind of flowers they choose to live with.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, this is a super familiar one to butterflies, a lot of you mentioned this in the word cloud and.
Justin Haggard (he/him): butterflies visit many different species of wildflowers and I really, really important for a wildflower and propagation and conservation and all of that.
Justin Haggard (he/him): They typically visit flowers that are in clusters and provide lending platforms that are brightly colored.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So red, yellow orange coloration is usually but like I said it doesn't always have to be brightly colored and and they're typically open during the day with ample nectar producers and again the nectar is deeply hidden because they have those long tons that they use.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And they are usually small clusters of flowers so golden rods, and the other ones being pictured here.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then I just included a few different types of butterflies that you might see so swallowtail is a super common one, and painted lady, these are the ones that migrate through la every year, and so you will see a lot of those.
Justin Haggard (he/him): When we're on campus again.
Justin Haggard (he/him): and
Justin Haggard (he/him): yeah they're also it's important to note that they're like not as efficient at pollination is like bees.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And that's because they have those long slender legs that don't catch as much pollen as like these do but they're still really important pollinators and and do still pollinate a lot of different plans.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then I also included just a special note and milk read and a lot of people when they want monarchs and their garden are told, like plant milk read and the money will come and that's true.
Justin Haggard (he/him): But some not not all know Queens are like the same quality and it's important to kind of talk about this a little, because it is a huge problem right now.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So this is the one that I think all of us picture when we think about no please, and this is called tropical milk lead and it's not as.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Toxic as other types of native milk leads, and so the caliphate caterpillars from monarch butterflies will feed on they'll create and what a lot of other organisms feed on it.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And that's because it's toxic, but the caterpillars have kind of developed and like.
Justin Haggard (he/him): A resistance to this toxicity and then they become toxic So then, when the birds eat them they taste really bad they kind of have a really awful taste and then.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Bird stop eating the caterpillars and but with this one it's not as toxic, and so the caterpillars don't develop that toxicity in themselves.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then get in and all of that so it's I include a link here, and you can look at this afterwards on native milk weed and there's a lot of different native milk lead varieties in California.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And, and you can special order them from the local nursery they're they're a little hard to find but they're becoming more common as like awareness around this is increasing.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And they can be really beautiful I think a lot of people have like misconceptions about native plants that they aren't going to look nice but.
Justin Haggard (he/him): As you can see here like they they look really beautiful and especially if you kind of mix them in with other native plants.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And they can make your garden look really nice and we'll talk more about gardening for pollinators at the end of this presentation just kind of wanted to include this here.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Okay, a short middle point after we've talked about four kinds of pollinator based on the traits, what do you think what would you expect to see flowers pollinator by moth so enter your answer outside oh.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Yes, open at night, think about when they were open if they have fragrance and think about what MAS.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): are feeding on etc, etc, and their colors.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): and healthy for the next up.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And as you can see, these are all anonymous so don't be afraid to like put in wrong answers we want to.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Oh, we have a lot, not that deep, yes, not very deep.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): till that tried colors wow okay.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): smell dependent long tubes those are great answers.
Justin Haggard (he/him): will give me five more seconds.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Think, together, we can design your plan that is evolutionary stable.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So it's actually cool to see, like all the contrasting answers in here.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And it makes maybe we'll talk about what.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): was the last I saw apes okay at an insight but Mars i'm not all of them, because sometimes you also see them during the day, but most of them are not turned on.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): that's why the flowers will also tend to open late afternoon or night and most field on an actor's and it will be attracted by fragrance so the flower will also have fragments and other choice at a flower have are there clustered they will provide lending platforms.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): and whoever said that one points for you, they will have why or tall coloration and their nectar will actually be deeply hidden and those.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): That terror producers will attract pollinators and some plants.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): That are like this, our morning glory which, if you imagine the shape of the and tobacco plants.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): You have plans which you can see, on the picture and also gardenia so on the first picture, you can see the white flour here the yuca flower with you can mass.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): This plan is actually dependent upon the you come out for its survival.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): And the female part of the plan which is around the stigma they end in a three lot of stigma in the Center So you can see, and in order for pollination to occur.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): A large mass of polar must be forced down into the central stigma whoa and that's when the Moss come in great health.
Justin Haggard (he/him): yeah and these these monster just very beautiful too, and you can find a lot of these in California like even these bigger.
Justin Haggard (he/him): ones and they're a little startling i've seen them a few times and it's it's kind of incredible to see moms that are like the size of humming birds, but they're very creative.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And next we have flies So these are kind of like the underdogs of the pollination world's not a lot of people like to think of flights, including myself, maybe, but they are really important for pollination.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And and many flies are like the only pollinators I was specific flowers, so they are really important.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And so flowers their pollinated by flies typically are pale and dark to dark brown or purple.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And sometimes flecked with translucent patches they have like a really smelly odor as you could probably imagine like rotting meat and done humans SAP blood, they all kind of carry that that really awful.
Justin Haggard (he/him): They produce paulin and they the flowers are funnel like or complex traps, so they you kind of see like these really interesting designs and the flowers pollinated by flies.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And an interesting note is that miskitos can also be pollinators This is something I just learned about and and so that's kind of interesting to I think we all think of mosquitoes to just be pests, but some actually a really important pollinators and here you can see.
Justin Haggard (he/him): This is the flower, which is a fruit that's native to North America.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And it has a really bad odor and you could see the pedals are kind of colored like meat to attract the different flies and then this is another fly on catnip.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And bees can also or flies can also mimic bees and as we talked about in our be workshop that that's just more for Defense and stuff.
Just.
Justin Haggard (he/him): yeah and they can be really pesky, but they also are super important to pollination so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay, and then the last pollinators are kind of unusual pollinators.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Yes, our animals unusual pollinators So you can see, on the picture we have honey pose them and lemur and, lastly, we have some reptiles, such as lizard geckos and slugs and chew bugs so.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): The nerd talk about the lemurs there from Madagascar and they the black lemur they pollinate this one.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): tree called the travelers palm and they're the only pollinator who upon it is kind of tree and they're also the largest pollinator in the world, I can never find.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): interesting thing is that.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): When Lima pollinate the tree.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): Oh, I also like dig their head into the flowers and stuff but they developed this special vision that can.
Yuerong Xiao (she/they): The colors of the trees flower only attract Lima does not attract any other animals or insects so they're pretty much dependent on each other and it's super cool so so like when you sit in a tree and wonder lemur traditionally we probably are seeing different things.
Justin Haggard (he/him): um yeah so these these are just like.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Less or we call them unusual because it's not as common and like you just don't see them as often pollinating but and there's not as many species in each group, but they are so very important as he was talking about.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, now we are getting into the last section.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And so gardening for pollinators and we just have kind of a quick slide with a rundown of what you can do, and the most important thing is like incorporate native plants into.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Your habitat, so you want to attract native pollinators and and you could kind of find different native plants using the links here and we'll be using one in one, second, but you can also click on these links on our slides when they're sharing to our website.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, even when you're choosing natives and be sure to choose a wide variety of plants, so you want to make sure that there's plants blooming in your garden from spring to fall.
Justin Haggard (he/him): To provide nectar across all those seasons and then you also want to make sure, obviously, that you have, day and night blooming to kind of get this nocturnal pollinators their food as well.
Justin Haggard (he/him): and avoid hybrid hybrid flowers, these are the ones that are usually developed for appearance and kind of sacrifice the nectar and pollen quality.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And, and especially ones it double pedals actually make it hard for pollinators to get the nectar or pollinate the different flowers so.
Justin Haggard (he/him): I think it's okay to like incorporate a couple of those in your garden, they are really showy and beautiful but definitely just find a balance, like find find ones that also are easier to have pollinators feed off of.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then avoid pesticides that's kind of.
Justin Haggard (he/him): An obvious when I think because pesticides and then kill the pollinators and also include larval host plan so like the milk, we were talking about for the caterpillars.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And, and then provide water, and you can also leave some deadwood for habitat and that's for like you know different types of bs that witnessed in there are different Beatles pollinators they sometimes find habitat and woods so don't don't clean the ground.
Justin Haggard (he/him): As like intensely as you might want to and that's definitely something I think we can improve and a big garden too so yeah everyone everyone, I think, has a little bit that they can do in their garden for pollinators.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And then, here are some sources that we use just to create this presentation and i'm including them because they're also great places to learn more about pollinators.
Justin Haggard (he/him): there's a lot that we covered, but there's also a lot more that could be covered So these are some great places to kind of find out more information.
Justin Haggard (he/him): Okay, and then we have Q and a's.
Justin Haggard (he/him): And so i'll stop screen sharing for one second.
Justin Haggard (he/him): So, are there any questions that we can answer it and i'll pause the recording.