Okay cool.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So um I wanted to talk about beneficial insects, before I talk about pests and just feel it's good to know that, like not every bug that you see in your garden is going to be a pest.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So all the insects, in your yard, only five to 10 of those varieties are likely to harm me burden and only three to five of those are likely to do some serious damage so it's just like a general rule of thumb it might not be like universally applicable but.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Just be don't be afraid of everybody safe, because some of them won't be friends like we saw before.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So the ones that are friends are pollinators which include like ants bees butterflies moths wasps some kinds of beetles and some comes up flies.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: there's also lady bugs which will eat your aphids stink bugs which are those little guys bottom right corner i'm les swings which are the green ones dragonflies which will eat mosquitoes which aren't necessarily harmful to your garden but don't really want mosquitoes around for humans.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then inform us and really pulleys.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: which will break down organic matter and eat debris in your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then parasitical which sounds really gross but they Paris, the ties the harmful insects and essentially eat them from the inside out so so really gross, but they are helpful to your garden for things like aphids.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then I put praying mantis and spiders separately, because they're kind of like harmful and helpful, they will eat harmful bugs but they don't make a distinction between like the good ones and bad ones.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: that's mostly praying mantises repentance they are like like they will be basically anything that comes into the garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: they're kind of at the top of the pyramid and then spiders.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: The harmful and sex, but they will occasionally like bees and stuff.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So one way to attract all these good books to your garden is to plant native plants that they like to talk to them so.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: You can't share my screen, but I have those.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Two links there one of them is a California native plant guide i'll show them in the zoom chat.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: One of them is a California native plant guide and basically like when you go to it, you can enter your zip code and.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It will tell you, like all of these different native plants in your area and by planting those you can attract like pollinators and all kinds of beneficial insects to your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Which like pollinators are good for your garden in general but attracting all the other beneficial insects will get rid of the pests, which could hurt your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So i'll send those in the chat at the end, but there's one for California and one for the whole us I don't have any resources for outside of the US if you're outside of the US, but i'm sure you could just look it up and find like local native plants in your area.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: You can go to the next slide justin.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: i'm sorry mosquitoes.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So harmful Insects are definitely variable the damage that they cause and what kind of plants that they eat will vary from like species to species so there's not like general rules that I can tell you, for all of them.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: But it's important to identify the type of person that you're dealing with so that you know what damage they can cause and how to deal with them, but also to consider like the plant itself.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Some plants can withstand more damage than others and be completely fine so you might not have to get rid of the past, so if there's only a few.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: But others might be more fragile so it's important to like know what pest you're dealing with so that you can also know how to deal with it with your particular plants.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: it's also important to monitor the damage that they're doing so that you know if it's like really a problem, it is good to have like a few.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Just like a few insects, in your garden because it'll attract the ones that eat them but also like keep the ecosystem alive, but.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It also is just like natural to have a few pests in your garden you don't have to get rid of every every insect that you see.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And, especially if they're only doing minimal damage or like you have like one caterpillar in your garden that's eating like a few leaves.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: You might not actually need to get rid of them, especially if you plan on getting rid of them with like some kind of like pesticide or something you kind of only want to do that it's really, really necessary.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So most pests will eat various parts of the plant that's the most kind of damage that they do or they can spread disease to your plants.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So that's kind of why you would want to get rid of them and some can carry like fungal bacterial or viral diseases which we'll talk about later and some common harmful pests that you don't want in your garden are aphids and caterpillar's.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: there's kind of like a I don't know like an argument there that some caterpillars are good and some are bad because some will turn into butterflies.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Which are good for your garden and will pollinator garden, but then, others will just like eat eat away at all of your plants there's also mites mealy bugs skills grips white flies nats which can spread fungal diseases.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then there's mosquitoes which again aren't necessarily harmful to your garden but they're harmful to humans.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then there's Horn, where I was squash bugs cucumber Beatles potato Beatles the poppers cup worms maggots snails grew up in grasshoppers.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Which like I said earlier, can eat like half of their weight every day so grasshoppers seem pretty you'd like Nice and, like you, won't want to give it to them, but they do cause a big problem.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So those are just like some of the common ones that you might care about that you want to get rid of, and then I have another website there that helps you to identify pests and I can go through this at the very end, so you can go to the next slide.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So now, I have a video on integrated pest management which is like a very widely used practice for getting rid of pests.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: hi i'm tricia and organic gardener every gardener has to deal with pests today we're going to talk about integrated pest management or I PM for short.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: With Integrated Pest Management you use a combination of different types of controls, rather than just one all by itself, and there are basically four different types of controls.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Their biological controls, meaning you use a pests natural enemy like ladybugs for aphids or bacillus there in genesis also called BT for mosquitoes.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Culture cultural controls are aimed at making the environment unsuitable for pests, for example, don't leave dropped apples around your trees for pests to overwinter in.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: mechanical controls are very effective, these are controls like fences for deer copper wire for slugs and snails and traps.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then there's chemical controls which your pesticides in IBM pesticides are last resort, as an organic gardener I use natural sprays like insecticidal soaps spin a sat and neem oil.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: and using a combination of these controls at the right time is key to IBM and the acronym P m s will help you know what to do and when to do it, p stands for preventive.
For example, to help prevent problems use disease and pest free seeds and transplants.
Another way to take some preventive measures is to set up your irrigation to water in the early morning, instead of in the evening.
watering in the evening can promote fungus growth to prevent problems keep a tidy garden remove any weeds or disease or dead plants and rotten fruit.
Any of that can harbor pests and as for avoidance you want to avoid damage by pests that are present practice crop rotation and other words don't plant garlic and onions, in the same place two years in a row.
Choose plants that are resistant to diseases that are known to be in your area, for example, these contender beans resist mildew put bird net over your cherries and berries m is for monitoring pay attention to what's happening in your garden.
identify and keep track of what kinds of pests and diseases, you see i'm putting up a pheromone trap and that will let me know if a specific pest is present.
If you find that past our present that's time for the last step of PA Ms suppression suppression techniques include weeding.
You can use several types of pheromone laurs to trap out insects like three ips or cucumber beetles the suppression techniques that we're most familiar with is spraying with an insecticide or a fungicide.
spraying should be your last resort, since many will kill beneficial insects as well try to spray first with the least environmental impact.
This may sound complicated but don't worry you're not in it alone contact your local ag extension office or your local master gardeners they have strategies for IBM controls for virtually every kind of past so get your pests before they get your harvest and grow organic for life.
Research Council has or attractor factor.
Iris Yip: For example, a small house flies in the sky, and if you search this.
has to find a home.
home Wikipedia.
Iris Yip: Article like all different kinds of events that naturally without us.
Iris Yip: Even in the right environment and certainly direct sunlight or shade.
Iris Yip: recordings actual an independent recording make sure that they're in an area that's suits their specific needs.
Iris Yip: Interpreting so rather than putting a bunch of the same type of crop together intersperse them with flowers for attract beneficial insects in the hall pass, you can also help to confuse the fest and prevent them from taking over all of your contacts.
Iris Yip: And in verse 1313 bro covers and that allows Sunday and borrow it and then keep test out, and you can also uncover them for a couple hours in the morning till up in the partiers and at the bottom right that's a picture of like a budding recovery.
Iris Yip: and business.
Iris Yip: it's a question.
Iris Yip: When epic has enough of a problem, she kept other, and so you have to weigh how much damage can you can state and how much, are you willing to sacrifice just because you see a good cup of passive environment it doesn't necessarily mean that you should be concerned.
Iris Yip: there's always going to be like a few pounds in your garden, but sometimes feel like they still take care of themselves.
Iris Yip: And, for example, if you have caterpillars or grasshopper a righteous get inputs, so you will have it within yourself.
Iris Yip: So if they're both numbers it's probably not a problem.
Iris Yip: But it turns out, it is a problem, and you can first try idea I logical cultural and mechanical controls, and if that doesn't work, then you can consider insecticides and it's best to start with the least disruptive option which is spring them with water or hand picking them off.
Iris Yip: And then, if that still doesn't work, then you can go with stronger it's still try to keep them.
Iris Yip: At least toxic, you can.
Iris Yip: And some non toxic insecticide options are neem oil and die two measures of powder.
Iris Yip: neem oil is a very common natural pesticide that's derived from the seeds of an injury it's either degradable and non toxic to heads and wildlife and it can be found at most garden stores or a natural food working.
Iris Yip: 32 measures powder comes from cemetery rock which contains fossilized divergence, which is from the voucher you can sprinkle it around your plants to get rid of.
Iris Yip: Some people also features and time needed so Bush solutions and soap and butter or oil and butter other people say that that can disrupt the pH of your soil will be visiting and like your fruits or vegetables so it's up to you, if you want to do that.
Iris Yip: there's also a lot of other methods, you will recommend which may not have a research on the effectiveness, but they'll say.
Iris Yip: hi and then there are three types of diseases and fungal bacterial and viral.
Iris Yip: diseases spread in sports oil seeds, have to be clean and unclean towards.
Iris Yip: And it's the most common pathogen down.
Iris Yip: Because damage or kill themselves are causing stress and they can damage on.
Iris Yip: commentates include powdery mildew.
Iris Yip: And bucks.
Iris Yip: hey so.
Iris Yip: pathogens that, like many jumper and go and go are also helpful so it's not like they're university.
Iris Yip: bacterial.
Iris Yip: diseases and Europeans to humans are natural openings thank you because I insects or tools.
Iris Yip: This but in the St Louis.
Iris Yip: And commentates include actual brown spot actually over and actually oh boy.
Iris Yip: Okay, then finally all diseases urgent that have been carriers, just like i'm just like human seasons.
Iris Yip: And he said i'm curious here our pets on pencils infected polly fun guy and.
Iris Yip: Income examples of diseases include mosaic virus and.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So these are some possible signs of each of these kinds of disease that you can look for.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: In your plants.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So signs of fungal disease include likely for stem rust mildew or mold or yellowing of beliefs signs of bacterial disease include like brown leaf spots that have yellow halos around them.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: spots on fruit kind of like sometimes you see like black spots on an orange.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: abnormal growth on like tree trunks or branches or twigs or any of that or like losing liquid.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then signs of viral disease or like mosaic leaf patterns or crinkled leaves or plant stunting so some of these scientists can be a result of different types of diseases.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So, like they kind of overlap, so you might see like yellowing leaves and that could be like the cause of like a fungal disease, but it could also be the cause of a viral disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: But it could also just be because you're like watering too much or its nutrient deficient or anything like that.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: it's important to remember that, like.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: These are strict categories of signs that you can look for.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And sometimes like when you see signs like this it might not actually be because of the disease plants are very variable so.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It could like you want to look into it and see if it's just like Oh, maybe i'm not watering it maybe it's not getting enough sunlight something like that.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So these are some pictures of what all of those kinds of signs look like.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So if you're seeing any of these in your plants, you might want to look into it and do some research and I have.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Resources at the end, that you can use to kind of like specifically identify like what might be going on with your.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So, preventing disease there's a lot of different things, you can do.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Why is watering is a good thing you want to water like before mid morning.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It doesn't only like prevent water from or prevent water, waste to do to evaporation, but it also allows plants to dry before sunset which will help avoid fungal diseases.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: fungal diseases tend to thrive in like warm temperatures between like 70 and 80 degrees and they only need like two to four hours of moyes conditions to develop.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So you also want to make sure that when you water it that you're watering the soil directly rather than watering believes.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Doing this prevents any like pathogens that might be on your leaves from getting into the soil through and off.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And it's also important that you're not handling your plants when they're wet because that can also spread disease like if you're touching believes of a plant that has pathogens on it and then touching another disease or another plant, you can easily spread diseases that way.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Another option is using seeds or transplants that are disease resistant or disease free, so this would be like specifically going out and buying.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: seeds that are resistant to like bunch of different kinds of diseases if you're concerned about that or you can find some that are resistant to like one specific disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then this would also mean like when you're at a store if you're getting transplants, or something.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: To like make sure that there's no signs of disease in it already.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: it's also important to remember that if you're like harvesting your seeds from your garden or from fruits from your garden that.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: If a plant is already diseased it can pass that disease on into exceeds so if you're like collecting those seeds, or if you're letting those seeds spread throughout your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And regrow then they'll just continue growing diseased and it could become like a serious problem in your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Another thing is wide plant spacing it's really important that your plants have like air circulation to keep them healthy.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And also diseases that attack the leaves of your plant can spread through rain, or can spread through wind.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So, like, for example, a fungal disease that's affecting.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: The leaves of a plant can emit scores that travel by wind and if your plants are really close together like it's going to be a lot easier for you to travel to a lot more clients.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then also like if it rains and there's dizzy there's there's pathogens on your plant leaves.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It can spread when those raindrops like hit the leaves and they bounce off and splash on to other planets.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So if there's like white space between them you'll avoid these problems so essentially just like follow the.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: spacing directions that are usually on like your seed packet they tell you how far apart to space your plants, so if you do that, like that's already like accounting for promoting good air circulation for them.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, maintaining soil health is really important, because there are a lot of diseases that are soil borne and that can exist in in the soil and also in pests that live in the soil.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So it's important to do this through like fertilization, and through wise watering practices and also making sure that, like your soil as well draining and it's well area did.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, it has a good balance of nutrients, all of which will like avoid future problems with or further problems with your plants.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then you can also use mulch which will help to prevent weeds, but it also helps to maintain the temperature of the soil and retain water.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Like in the warmer months when it my dry out faster and then propagation is very important if you're like dealing with a disease and a specific plant you don't want to keep planting that plant in the same spot like year after year because.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: That disease could be present in the soil and then it'll just keep affecting like every point that you put there, essentially, so you want to like move your crops around from year to year, like as you're harvesting them.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And this is especially important because diseases will often affect like a whole family of plants so like a bunch of plants that are in the same family can be affected by the same disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And if, like a disease comes to one plant that's in that family that disease can like stay dormant in the soil for years and years, even if the host plant isn't there.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So even if you were to plant like something that's in the same family in that spot, it could be affected so yeah it's important to.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: rotate your crops and then the last one is garden hygiene.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So you want to like sanitize your garden tools, especially if you're dealing with the disease plant, you want to sanitize a lot of people do that with like the diluted bleach solution which will kill any kind of like pathogens that are there.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then it's also just important if you don't know if, like you're dealing with a pastor disease like just clean your garden tools in between dealing with different plants, so that you're not spreading anything.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And there are also a lot of other options for like homemade organic or whatever cleaning solutions that you can use to clean your garden tools.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, this also includes like the video talked about earlier like clearing out rotten fruit or clearing out debris or clearing out weeds things like that.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So, lastly, is treatment of disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So first you want to determine if it really is a disease like I talked about earlier, a lot of the signs of disease, not a lot but, like some of the signs of disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: can also just be signs that like your plants not getting the right environment that it needs to be in like sunlight or nutrients or whatever.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So that could be things like yellow or brown leaves which can be signs of disease but they might not actually be diseased.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, if it's disease, a lot of times the safest option, especially if you have a whole garden is to just remove that plant or remove the affected part of that plant.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: If it's only affecting one specific part.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Because this will avoid like causing a problem that's a lot bigger.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Because it could easily spread to like a bunch of different plants throughout your garden and then you'll have like a problem that's a lot harder to handle.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So you might just have to sacrifice that one plant, sadly, but.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: If it's like an individual part of a plant that's affected, you can try like like if it's a yellowing leaf or something you can try this like pulling those leaves off.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And if it's being affected by like a fungal disease, sometimes it can help to.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: I think the word is proven to like prune your plant and get rid of some of the leaves surrounding it, because it makes it an environment that's like a lot less like moist and like easy to.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: I don't know retain water in there and stuff because that's really where fungal diseases thrive.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then you can also if it's just like one part of a plant and it's not like a full blown issue, yet.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: You can like look into it and try, just like changing the conditions of your plant and seeing how it reacts to that like changing How much are watering and changing where you're putting it.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: In terms of like sunlight.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: or like changing fertilizers, or anything like that.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Another like good rule of thumb for a lot of signs of disease is just not watering the plant for a little while.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Because a lot of diseases are caused by like overly moist soil, especially fungal diseases so things like root rot like if you're just starting, your plant like sit in really wet soil all the time it's like really good conditions to develop disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, if you know that the disease is caused by pests, you could also try removing those pests before you like get rid of the whole plant and seeing if it improves.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: it's a lot of like trial and error and then, if you know the diseases fungal you could also consider some kind of fungicide.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: These typically aren't very effective, though in treating an existing disease, they mostly just like will prevent future disease in that area, or in any new plant growth.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then I did want to mention also that, if the diseases viral kind of like humans many plants can fully recover from that viral disease, and then they become tolerant to that disease.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So that's why it's also really important to identify what kind of disease, it is because you know, like if it's going to recover or not.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And this is kind of funny when I read about it, considering the current state of the world, but.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: If a plant does get a viral disease, you can actually like quarantine it and put it by itself and keep it there and see like if it improves or if it gets healthier.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And a lot of times it actually will get healthier if you quarantine it by itself so that's kind of interesting.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then the last one is don't compost diseased plants, they will like carry the disease to your compost.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Because a lot of diseases living soil and then any planets that use that compost like if you spread it all over your whole garden, you could literally just be spreading the disease, like all over your garden.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then, if you go to the next slide i'm going to go through these are actually maybe I could share my screen now justin just to go through these links.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: hey.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: So, this one is the hopefully.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Sorry.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Okay, maybe it's not gonna let her know.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Okay, well, basically, I will send these links in the chat if they don't load right now but um there's the California native plant guide and us need to play a guide.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: God talked about if you're like interested in planting native plants in your garden and being beneficial insects and then there's also the UCC Integrated Pest Management site.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And when you go there there's like a specific tab where you can identify it says like identifying and managing pests, or something.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And when you click on it like it has.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: It has like not only garden pests, but it also has like household pests and it'll tell you.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: Like you can essentially like enter what kind of plant, you have what the damage is.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And it'll like give you all of these results for like what the problem could be, and then it will also tell you like.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: about the past, like if it says like this past could be the problem it'll tell you like here's what this past does here's how to manage it it's really, really helpful.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: And then same thing with the uci PM plant diagnostic tool that one's more for like diseases, but you basically just like input all the information about your plant and then.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: it'll tell you like what it could possibly be so really helpful for like narrowing down what the problem can be and figuring out like.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: What you should do about it so i'm gonna share these in the chat but that's all I have to talk about so hope you learned something about pests and disease, and I hope you can use these tools if you're having any problems to.
Dig - Shelby - she/her: figure out what that problem might be.